Ideally, to reduce energy insecurity, a nation needs to deploy a range of renewable energy (RE) sources. For Central Asian economies, renewable sources appear to be a rational choice; yet, the deployment of renewables is limited and varies substantially by country. Conventional statistics for RE...

Energy return on investment (EROI) is a biophysical and ecological economics concept that is useful to think about how organisms, ecosystems and societies must obtain enough surplus energy returned from energy gathering activities to live, reproduce, and thrive. EROI can help us overcome the...

In this paper, we explore the co-movements between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and CO 2 emissions and GDP per capita in Saudi Arabia, respectively. Using the spectral Granger causality approach, our results suggested that non-renewable energy sources lead to carbon emission...

We estimate that the recent surge in international fossil fuel prices will raise European households’ cost of living in 2022 by close to 7 percent of consumption on average. Household burdens vary significantly across and within countries, but in most cases they are regressive. Policymakers...

Economists agree that carbon taxes are the most effective solution for climate change mitigation. But how do fossil fuel companies stand on carbon taxes? I analyse how the 100 largest oil and gas companies communicate on carbon taxes. Surprisingly, I find that 54% of companies who have a policy...

This study examines the dynamic correlation and volatility spillover among the green bond, clean energy, and fossil fuel markets using daily data from 30 June 2014 to 18 October 2021. Using the Bayesian DCC-MGARCH model, we confirmed that the green bond has a weak negative correlation with the...

This paper investigates static and dynamic connectedness between the first and second moments of fossil and renewable energy stock indices in the last decade at the daily frequency. For this purpose the Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) methodology is applied; in addition, endogenous break tests are...

this is an unpublished working paper, seeking feedback.AbstractElectricity can, in principle, power all the energy demands of civilization provided sufficient electricity can be produced reliably and at an affordable cost. First, we give a detailed introduction of the economic and physical...