Pressure is mounting on institutional investors to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from their fossil fuel-related investments. The latest climate change assessments indicate that 1.5°C emission pathways require (1) halving CO2 emissions between 2010 to 2030, and net zero CO2 in 2050;...

For the years 2009-2018, we find that fossil fuel firms are more likely to lobby and that lobbying expenditures are greater with increases in a firm’s vulnerability to climate change news risk. The industry’s resistance to a timely low-carbon transition has spawned a divestment movement that...

Using non-parametric estimates with imposing inequality restrictions, we compare unconditional to conditional estimators for “green” and “brown” ETFs, namely fossil fuel, and clean energy. Specifically, while unconditional tests could not indicate that the “green” outperforms the...

Shifting power generation from fossil fuels to renewable energy comes at a substantial additional cost, which is largely borne by companies in the power sector. We study the implications of this burden for their capital structure, the dynamics of the transition, and the design and choice of...

An increase in the share of renewables in heat supply systems is a promising direction to reach sustainable development goals and decarbonization. Decision makers should consider various factors, including energy market prices, the availability of biofuels, boiler and auxiliary equipment costs,...

Energy is ability or capacity to do work. The renewable energy sources are non-conventional and environmental friendly in nature. The renewable energy technology is a direct substitute of recent technology. With the help of renewable energy we can save more energy, make better environment by the...