The introduction of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 created conditions that could raise the cost of trading services with the EU, especially where cross-border transfers of personal data are required. This paper examines whether the GDPR has truly affected trade in...

This article examines how the design features of retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) influence the detection and prevention of crypto-enabled money laundering. Drawing on a comparative analysis of Russia, the European Union, the United States, and Malta, it evaluates the effectiveness...

This in-depth analysis was commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI). It assesses the Commission's 2023 Annual Report on monitoring the application of EU law and...

On 4 July 2024, colleagues from the Legal Services of the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the EFTA Surveillance Authority, the Single Resolution Board and the Court of Justice of the European Union gathered together for the seminar entitled '20...

In digital markets, personal data is increasingly monetized. As a result, the areas of competition and data protection law collide and the competences of enforcers of these fields of law (i.e. competition and data protection authorities) also overlap. These overlapping competences are not...