refrain from using regulatory or economic instruments in favour of industry agreements, it weakens its negotiating position …

economic instruments in both OECD countries and developing countries. The types of instruments considered are: pollution taxes …

possibility of applying economic instruments to mitigate environmental degradation, with particular reference to water pollution …

implementation of pollution control strategies. A number of alternative available economic instruments may be thought of which, if …, in order to see in an empirical way if economic instruments work better than regulations. …

This article analyzes the use of economic instruments for environmental policy in four European countries. The study … respect to technological innovation. On the one hand the study confirms that economic instruments can work as rather powerful …, including the design and role of economic instruments, and that the regulatory design in turn affected the degree to which the …

a dedicated carbon tax) provide a greater incentive to external technological change than do conventional economic … instruments (carbon taxes and tradable emissions permits). A process of negotiated transition from voluntary agreements to …