This paper presents secular evidence on the income velocity of money balances. Under a variety of specifications and statistical techniques, employed on both traditional and non-traditional variables, the Friedman assertion that money is a superior good is found to lack empirical support....

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for an asset substitution matrix to be symmetric for all distributions of rates of return are derived. It is found that symmetry in this context is essentially equivalent to the proposition that the von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function...

This paper summarizes the theoretical role of intertemporal substitution variables in the "new classical macroeconomics." An important implication is that positive monetary shocks tend to raise expected real returns that are calculated from the usual partial information set, but tend to lower...