This study presents the effects of torrefaction on the basic characteristics of corn stalks. Corn stalks were torrefied in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 150 °C to 400 °C, for torrefaction periods varying from 0 min to 50 min. The torrefied corn stalk products were...

Following the discovery of fire, biomass became the main source of energy used by mankind. Advanced societies have largely replaced the use of biomass with the use of fossil fuels, but our dependence on these ever scarcer resources, plus the need to reduce CO2 emissions in the face of climate...

Brunei Darussalam is located near the equator in the Borneo Island. Abundant rain, humidity and sunshine have created one of the largest rain forests in the world. Seven samples of sawdust taken from this rainforest and were analyzed for their fuel value and environmental impact. Among the seven...