The scalar multiplication techniques used in Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) are having the scope for gaining the computation efficiency. This is possible through the reduction of precomputed operations. Finding the more efficient technique compares to the most recent or efficient one is a...

In economics, the standard approach to language is that talk is cheap. Here, instead, language is a social convention that affects utility. Unless language is used in its ordinary sense, it cannot help to coordinate actions because there is no way of decoding it. This points to a unique...

To reduce communication costs, to protect our data from eavesdropping and from unauthorized users, cryptographic algorithms are used. Cryptographic module has to be developed for combining the operation of compression and encryption synchronously on the file. The information file is preliminary...