energy intensity of GDP (energy/GDP). Analysis of 16 development successes in the 19th, 20th and 21st century shows that all … relied on structural change toward manufacturing almost universally accompanied by a growing energy intensity of GDP for … GDP growth for the (least industrialized and affluent) Africa region out to 2050, but with a fast-falling energy intensity …

determining aggregate energy intensity. Our analysis shows that selection and market reallocation play a stronger role than within …-firm improvement in driving aggregate declines in energy intensity, despite the strong focus on within-firm response to climate policy …

in industrial energy intensity, while at the same time, manufacturing firms have shifted toward producing less energy … sizable effects on aggregate energy intensity. …