Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply a methodology (drawn from the literature) to value the environment as a capital. Design/methodology/approach – The main analytic framework considered is a factor utilization function, which traditionally deals with labour and manufactured...

Transition towards low carbon development LCD is an urgent challenge for the global community. As increased economic activities usually result in more carbon emissions, this challenge is particularly crucial for rapidly growing emerging countries. For these countries, reducing carbon emissions...