Global uncertainty and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the integration of emerging economies into global financial markets. Post-pandemic, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes have drawn investor attention to relatively independent and stable currencies. This study...

Before adjusting to the environment created due to the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals may experience pandemic shock via digital transformation to enhance performance. Pandemic shock can affect an individual's adaptation, psychological state, and performance. This study attempts to analyze...

One of the most significant disruptive events of the 21st century was the COVID-19 epidemic, which was first detected in China in 2019 and quickly spread around the world. While waiting for the development of the vaccine, governments used a variety of strategies to counteract the effects of the...

Targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs) helped supporting bank lending to firms and to households in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of TLTRO funding for mortgage loans to households had explicitly not been included into the targeted loan categories of these schemes,...