This study investigates the rise of social inequalities in oil-producing communities in Nigeria's Niger Delta, identifying factors that contribute to socioeconomic disparities. Over the last two decades, these communities have endured environmental degradation, youth violence, militancy, and...

Based on the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", Chinese government is relying on the ecological and environmental characteristics of cities, in combination with modern ecological, economic, and sociological theories, to achieve sustainable urban development....

Iran's Petroleum Contract "IPC" as a risk service contract, contains some important improvements and features in order to attract foreign investments and know-how to the long-standing oil industry of Iran. However, the views of international oil companies ("IOC") towards contractual regimes in...