Interviewers have long been identified as a source of error in face-to-face surveys. However, previous studies have typically focused on a single source of interviewer-related error and single-country cross-sectional surveys. We extend this literature by investigating the influence of...

Women are less likely to correctly answer the “Big-3” financial literacy questions, and a substantial share of the gap reflects women’s lower confidence. In our experiment, women are more likely to choose “do not know” or refuse to answer financial literacy questions. If these options...

The most common sampling approach for cross-sectional household surveys in the developing world is a stratified two-stage design, where the first stage is usually a sample from a census-based area frame, and the second stage is a random sample of households from each of the areas selected in the...

This report evaluates the computational reproducibility and analytical robustness of Exley and Kessler's (2024) investigation into "motivated errors," which suggests that individuals may rationalize selfish behavior by attributing their errors to confusion. Using the original data and code, we...