This paper uses five pairs trading strategies to conduct in-sample training and backtesting on 35 commodities in the major commodity markets from 1980 to 2018. The Distance Method (DM) and the Co-integration Approach (CA) are used for pairs formation. The Simple Thresholds (ST) strategy, Genetic...

Existing methods of prioritizing rural roads for construction in hilly and mountainous settings require expensive data collection or major simplifications of ground conditions. Traditional social surplus based-methods favor economic and political decision criteria over social criteria, despite...