Effective risk response decision-making in complex contexts often necessitates addressing multiple interacting risk events under resource constraints. However, existing models have predominantly focused on single-type or pairwise interactions and incorporated only a limited range of influencing...

Purpose: Hub location problems have been utilized in various applications including rail transportation network planning, where hub serves as a key transit point within the network. In this paper, we focus on determining the optimal location for a rail transportation hub, where cost and service...