This paper analyzes the spatial evolution character of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms using self-organized criticality theory. The spatial evolution character is modeled by the statistical property of crowding distance, which displays a scale-free feature and a power-law distribution....

The recent increase in the demand for mobile communication services has raised the need for efficient channel assignment to maximize the use of limited allocated frequency spectrum. The challenge is that of assigning calls to available channels so that the channel interference is minimized while...

Indubitably investing in the gold market has been one of the most captivating investments in the world over the centuries. The gold standard has been played a key role in the international monetary system here before. It is utilized to mint coins and gold bullion as the money reserves. Because...