Gallium's (Ga) unique semiconducting properties enable highly efficient power management chips. Gallium arsenide is used for power amplifiers in devices, in telecommunications such as 5G, satellite communication and radar systems. Gallium is also used in thin-film solar panels and LEDs. Gallium...

Boron (B) is used in permanent neodymium magnets, in high-performance glass for e.g. photovoltaic panels, and chip production. Boron fibres and composites are used in aerospace structures, armour and ballistic-resistant materials. Boron can be extracted from open-pit mines and from brines.

Gallium's (Ga) unique semiconducting properties enable highly efficient power management chips. Gallium arsenide is used for power amplifiers in devices, in telecommunications such as 5G, satellite communication and radar systems. Gallium is also used in thin-film solar panels and LEDs. Gallium...

Tungsten (W) is one of the foremost defence materials, widely used in high-strength applications, and ammunition. It is suitable as well for high-temperature applications such as supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Tungsten's density makes it ideal for armour-piercing ammunition and...

Boron (B) is used in permanent neodymium magnets, in high-performance glass for e.g. photovoltaic panels, and chip production. Boron fibres and composites are used in aerospace structures, armour and ballistic-resistant materials. Boron can be extracted from open-pit mines and from brines.

Tungsten (W) is one of the foremost defence materials, widely used in high-strength applications, and ammunition. It is suitable as well for high-temperature applications such as supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Tungsten's density makes it ideal for armour-piercing ammunition and...

Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. They are excellent catalysts and indispensable for hydrogen technologies. They play a key role in hydrogen fuel cells and electrolysers, enabling the conversion of hydrogen into electricity and vice versa....

Germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor material with excellent infrared transparency and optical properties, making it indispensable in sensors, night vision systems, thermal imaging cameras, and high-speed fibre optics. It is also used in solar panels, especially for satellites, LEDs and gamma ray...

Germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor material with excellent infrared transparency and optical properties, making it indispensable in sensors, night vision systems, thermal imaging cameras, and high-speed fibre optics. It is also used in solar panels, especially for satellites, LEDs and gamma ray...

Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. They are excellent catalysts and indispensable for hydrogen technologies. They play a key role in hydrogen fuel cells and electrolysers, enabling the conversion of hydrogen into electricity and vice versa....