On March 13, 2012, Japan, the United States, and the European Union filed Requests for Consultations (Requests) with the World Trade Organization (WTO), contesting China's export restrictions on rare earth elements (REE). The Requests were long expected, given the growing importance of REE,...

The purpose of the study is to assess the macroeconomic and sectoral consequences for Russia and a number of other countries (EAEU members, the United States and China) from the introduction of trade restrictions by the world's largest economies, motivated by the mitigation of the consequences...

This paper studies the relationship between export policy and food prices. We show that, when individuals are loss averse, food exporters may use trade policy to shield the domestic economy from large price shocks. This creates a complementarity between the price of food in international markets...

We argue that the rise of antidumping protection and the proliferation of voluntary export restraints are fundamentally inter-related. We show that both can be explained by a cost-based definition of dumping when the domestic government has incomplete information about the foreign firm's costs....

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, unprecedented disruption to the global economy and international trade have prompted widespread fears especially when it comes to the scramble for personal protective equipment (hereinafter “PPE”), as a result of critical...

This paper has two aims. First, to examine alternative ways of modeling VERS in imperfectly competitive markets. This is important, since the. effects of VERS are sensitive to the models used. Second, to argue that the effects of VERS also depend on whether goods are complements or Substitutes....

In May, 1981, a voluntary export restraint (VER) was placed on exports of automobiles from Japan to the United States. As trade policies go, this one was important. At about the same time, though to much less fanfare, international trade theorists were obtaining (then) startling results from...