Scalar population models, commonly referred to as count-based models, are based on time-seriesdata of population sizes and may be useful for screening-level ecological risk assessments when data formore complex models are not available. Appropriate use of such models for management purposes,...

A simulation model of a population having internal (genetic) structure is presented. The population is subject to selection pressure coming from the environment which is the same in the whole system but changes in time. Reproduction has a sexual character with recombination and mutation. Two...