Using a unique panel survey of enterprises, we examine the relationship between four categories of formalization and … doubly robust estimators. The only formalization category that appears to be significantly associated with productivity is … tax formalization, i.e. a firm’s decision to pay taxes. This positive association only holds for firms that were already …

This article investigates the influence of specific key organizational factors (i.e., enabling formalization, coercive … formalization, and trust) as antecedents of ambidexterity. Moreover, we propose a new way of operationalizing ambidexterity, under a … manager and the quality manager. The findings show that enabling formalization and organizational trust are positively related …

This paper investigates the effect of ICT and e-formalization on tax mobilization efforts in sub-Saharan Africa. Using … that there is strong support that ICT (mobile subscription and internet usage) and e-formalization (e-government) enhanced … toward supporting the development of ICT in SSA countries, supporting the application to improve e-payments, formalization …

The rapid changes in technology and globalization lead to mediating role in formalization of RM methods among perceived … market competition. It is also found that the Formalization of RM Methods mediates among the component of PBR and …

Too often, academics and policy makers interpret formality as a binary choice and formalization as an irreversible … process. Yet, formalization has many facets and shades on the business and labor fronts, and firms may not be able or willing … to formalize all at once. This paper explores the joint process of business and labor formalization, using a unique panel …