National laboratories have limited resources to devote to the transfer of government-funded technologies to the commercial sector. Companies, too, face resource constraints in their attempt to identify and assimilate innovations which fit with their strategic objectives. For these reasons,...

The world energy demand is foreseen to increase due to the improvements of the living standard in the developing countries and to the development of the global economy. The increase in sustainability of the energy supply must be considered as a must to avoid spoiling the natural resources, whose...

We present empirical evidence that long-term evolutionary dynamics fall into three distinct classes, depending on whether adaptive evolutionary activity is absent (class 1), bounded (class 2), or unbounded (class 3). These classes are defined using three statistics: diversity, new evolutionary...

Bedau and Packard [7] devised an approach to quantifying the adaptive phenomena in artificial systems. We use this approach to define two statistics: cumulative evolutionary activity and mean cumulative evolutionary activity. Then we measure the dynamics of cumulative evolutionary activity, mean...