Scholars of autocracies are increasingly debating whether autocratic regimes promote their subordinates based on achievements. Using the career tracks of the regional leaders of the German Nazi Party, the Gauleiters, from 1936 to 1944, we examine whether performance mattered for promotions...

The recent revival of political interest in antitrust has resurfaced a longstanding debate about the role of industrial concentration and monopoly in enabling Hitler's rise to power and the Third Reich's wars of aggression. Proponents of stronger antitrust enforcement argue that monopolies and...

"For more than a century, governments facing financial crisis have resorted to the economic policies of austerity-cuts to wages, fiscal spending, and public benefits-as a means to regain solvency. While these policies have been successful in appeasing creditors, they've had devastating effects...