We use a unique dataset of 167 North American and European clusters’ funding structures, obtained from an independent questionnaire survey carried out in the first half of 2016. The aim of this study is to determine possible differences in the proportions of public and private funds in the...

Since 2008, excess liquidity - defined as the sum of holdings of central bank reserves in excess of reserve requirements and holdings of equivalent central bank deposits - has tended to accumulate in specific euro area countries and in a small, slowly changing group of credit institutions....

This study examines the actual funding behavior of German innovative firms in the pre- and postcrisis period. Specifically, we investigate if and how the funding patterns and financial constraints of German small and medium enterprises (SME) changed during and since the financial crisis. The...