Using a representative sample of European firms, we study whether and to what extent financing constraints affect … financial statements to develop an index of financing constraints. We estimate that a 10 percent increase in this index reduces ….5 percent. We document that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms facing tighter financing …

the degrees of financing constraints and financial intermediary as well as the stock market to represent the level of … financing constraints of R&D investment or not. Finally, the paper further investigates the interaction of financial development … development of financial intermediary and stock market play an important role in alleviating the R&D financing constraints, and …

the degrees of financing constraints and financial intermediary as well as the stock market to represent the level of … financing constraints of R&D investment or not. Finally, the paper further investigates the interaction of financial development … development of financial intermediary and stock market play an important role in alleviating the R&D financing constraints, and …

stronger for firms that face financing constraints and it is insignificant for unconstrained firms. Moreover, an industry …

investigates the role of official statistics in alleviating financing constraints in emerging and developing economies, with a …