We study valuation of swing options on commodity markets when the commodity prices are driven by multiple factors. The factors are modeled as diffusion processes driven by a multidimensional Lévy process. We set up a valuation model in terms of a dynamic programming problem where the option can...

In this paper we present a formulation of a finite difference Crank–Nicolson scheme for the numerical solution of the unsteady heat equation in 2+1 dimensions, a problem which has not been extensively studied when the spatial domain has an irregular shape. It is based on a second order...

We propose a framework for analyzing the credit risk of secured loans with maximum loan-to-value covenants. Here, we do not assume that the collateral can be liquidated as soon as the maximum loan-to-value is breached. Closed-form solutions for the expected loss are obtained for nonrevolving...

This article analyses the pricing, using autocall mechanisms, of a coupon barrier note issue based on ADRs of Brazil's biggest mining and metals company: Vale S.A. (VALE). The numerical method used was based on a modification of the trinomial tree model with auto-call, barrier and knock-in...