An accuracy indicator is an observed variable which is related to the size of measurement error. Basic and extended models are introduced to represent the properties of a binary accuracy indicator. Under specified assumptions, it is shown that an accuracy indicator can identify a measurement...

Small area estimation techniques have typically relied on plug-in estimation based on models containing random area effects. More recently, regression M-quantiles have been suggested for this purpose, thus avoiding conventional Gaussian assumptions, as well as problems associated with the...