index that is informationally richer and more flexible than the commonly used ‘ethno-linguistic fractionalization’ (ELF … to the pattern of fractionalization in the United States. …

processes and the income distribution after redistribution) and ethno-linguistic fractionalization. We find that the impact of … ethno-linguistic fractionalization on income redistribution is conditional on the level of economic freedom: countries that … have a high degree of fractionalization have less income redistribution, while capitalist countries that have a low degree …

We present evidence that ethnic fractionalization explains variations in per capita income, institutions, and schooling … better than inequality. To do so, we identify instruments for ethnic fractionalization and inequality based on historical … experience and geography. While simultaneously instrumenting for both variables, we find that ethnic fractionalization is …

with similar analyses of government fractionalization. The analyses indicate that veto players and especially government … fractionalization exert a constraining effect on changes in the size of government, but also that the effect is not consistent over time …: neither veto players in general nor fractionalization of government in particular exerted any constraining effect during the …

processes and the income distribution after redistribution) and ethno-linguistic fractionalization. We find that the impact of … ethno-linguistic fractionalization on income redistribution is conditional on the level of economic freedom: countries that … have a high degree of fractionalization have less income redistribution, while capitalist countries that have a low degree …