This 2012 Article IV Consultation highlights that rising unemployment, stagnant wage growth, and lower confidence have all contributed to falling private consumption and low inflation in San Marino. Financial sector balance sheets have continued to compress on the back of steady outflows of...

This selected issues paper on Sudan was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on September 7, 2012. The views expressed...

The Malawian economy is slowly recovering, thanks to corrective measures such as the floating exchange rate regime and liberated current account transactions. Stringent fiscal discipline, restrained monetary policies, and boosting of international reserves have been suggested as measures for...

This 2012 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic growth in Luxembourg slowed in 2011 amid the euro area sovereign debt crisis. Reflecting sluggish external demand, economic activity is expected to further weaken, with growth projected to decline to ½ percent in 2012. Executive...

This paper presents findings of the First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for the Republic of Kosovo. The paper highlights that macroeconomic and financial policies are broadly on-track. All end-April and continuous quantitative performance criteria under the SBA were met with...

This 2012 Article IV Consultation focuses on Italy’s economy, which is expected to continue contracting through the year owing to tight financial conditions, global slowdown, and the needed fiscal consolidation. The government has embarked on wide-ranging structural reforms to boost...

This paper discusses the common policies adopted by the members of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). The macroeconomic performance was good in 2011 with improved fiscal balances, public investment programs, and higher reserves. However, CEMAC is facing challenges from...

This paper presents the staff report for Greece’s request for an Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility. The Greek economy fell into deep twin structural deficits after euro adoption. Easy access to financing at low interest rates fuelled rapid borrowing by the private and...

Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV consultation, prepared by a staff team of the IMF, following discussions that ended on October 2, with the officials of Croatia on economic developments and policies. Based on information available at the time of these discussions, the staff report was...

This paper presents Portugal’s third review under the extended arrangement and request for waiver of applicability of end-March performance criteria. The government has initiated labor market reforms, privatizations, telecom sector liberalization, and improved competition framework....