effective coordination of lifelong guidance and validation of non-formal and informal learning. Based on 12 national practices …, the paper illustrates the potential for connecting guidance with validation by embedding ICT tools in practice. The 12 … practices were selected as examples of the interaction of validation and guidance, providing different forms of coordination …

dissipated. Hence forward guidance continues to play an important role in increasing the effectiveness of stabilization policy …

guidance, both of which aim to stimulate consumption via raising households' inflation expectations. All households' inflation … forward guidance. We argue that policies aiming to affect households directly are ineffective if (non-expert) households do …

policy through indirect general equilibrium effects while simultaneously ruling out the forward guidance puzzle and remaining …

involves smooth spreads but allows exchange rates to jump; (c) it partly relies on “forward guidance”, with non …

develop high-frequency shock series that separate forward guidance from yield curve compression surprises; the use of the … induced by its Asset Purchase Programme (APP). Forward guidance surprises are found to have their maximum impact on inflation …