The paper discusses three general classes of nonlinear programming models. Our objective is to show how to represent optimization problem, such as nonlinear programs, in a compact format using extended mathematical programming. This is a useful tool, especially in cases when complementarity...

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) established under the Kyoto Protocol allows industrialized Annex I countries to offset part of their domestic emissions by investing in emissionsreduction projects in developing non-Annex I countries. We present a novel CDM modelling framework which can be...

Since the latter half of 1990s, it has been discussed that many developing countries are going to face serious population aging problem while these economies are still underdeveloped and not adequately prepared against aging yet in terms of institutional reform such as social security. As the...

1. Rationale/Objective Evaluation of healthcare reforms has been an integral part of healthcare system studies. In Uganda the effectiveness of the healthcare reforms that were systematically undertaken since 1992, has been widely studied. The partial equilibrium studies evaluating the reforms...

The recent global financial crisis was a reminder that economic and financial stability are inextricably linked. To that end, there has been significant effort in policy and academic circles to incorporate real-financial linkages and macroprudential policies into existing macroeconomic models....

Due to the high concentration of economic activity along the low-lying coastal zone of the Nile delta and its dependence on Nile river streamflow, Egypt's economy is highly exposed to adverse climate change. Adaptation planning requires a forward-lookingn assessment of climate change impacts on...

International technology spillovers can be categorised in two types: disembodied and embodied. Disembodied international technology spillovers are the flow of ideas that take place without the exchange of commodities. Examples of disembodied spillovers are present through workers’ mobility,...

Rare Earths are a group of 17 metals which were presumably unknown to the vast majority of people until very recently. The combination of growing demand and tightened export restriction by China, which holds almost monopolistic power in their supply, has led to massive price increase in 2011....

Energy is a critical factor not only to economic growth and to achieve a less dependent and more competitive economy but also to promote sustainable growth towards to a highly energyefficient, low-carbon economy. Energy-economic-environment interactions therefore play a crucial role in driving...

In this paper we estimate the benefit for the ageing North countries of diversifying some of its trade away from the other North countries in favour of the South countries. To this end we use a six-region overlapping generations model that takes into account the demographic trends of the 21st...