Topological relation between geographical objects is one of the key components of the Geographical Information System (GIS). Considering the objects to be exact with sharp boundaries, four intersection, and nine intersection matrices initiated the study of calculating the topological relations....

The logistics center concept has been discussed in the literature for over four decades. Logistics centers simplify the logistics network and have many advantages, such as lower transportation costs, an economy of scale, and integrated service capabilities. We propose a spatial multi-criteria...

Due to its location in arid and semi-arid climates, Iran is one of the countries with the highest water stress, and the need for a study that states a solution for using salt water is felt more than ever. For the first time in this paper, an indirect method is presented to identify areas prone...

The study aimed to spatially examine the viability and site suitability of ecotourism in the Uttara Kannada district, India. Karnataka is a fantastic destination for a variety of travel and has a lot of potentials to promote ecotourism, which has acquired popularity in recent years. Ecotourism...

The Caspian countries have a crucial role in new trade scenarios for India as it constantly steers towards its trade diversification and expansion. With the establishment and expansion of INSTC (International North South Transport Corridor), the importance of Caspian countries (Azerbaijan, Iran,...

Energy management strategies that ensure that energy supply and demand related policies and investment decisions consider all feasible demand- and supply-side options and are consistent with global goals for sustainable development are essential for achieving universal energy access. In this...

On the roadmap to reach the climate targets, Europe is committed to increase offshore wind power generation substantially from today towards 2050. This raises the question, what infrastructure layout efficiently integrates offshore wind power into the transmission grid. It is commonly addressed...