Bilevel programming techniques are developed for decentralized decision problems with decision makers located in two levels. Both upper and lower decision makers, termed as leader and follower, try to optimize their own objectives in solution procedure but are affected by those of the other...

The analysis of the effects of fertilizer pricing on fertilizer-intensive agriculture and farms behavior ought to be an important topic of research for agricultural and environmental economists in Bangladesh. Several possibilities for fertilizer policy have been debated, in particular for the...