approach to examine the effects of early grade retention. We show that the benefits of early grade retention policies are …. These findings imply that (1) the benefits of early grade retention policies are larger than have been estimated using …

approach to examine the effects of early grade retention. We show that the benefits of early grade retention policies are …. These findings imply that (1) the benefits of early grade retention policies are larger than have been estimated using …

Grade retention offers students a chance to catch up with unmastered material but also leads to less labor … cutoff of Dutch academic secondary schools, where failing implies grade retention. I find no impact of retaining on final … educational attainment, although retained students are later to graduate. Grade retention does lead to annual earnings loss at age …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and …

Grade retention offers students a chance to catch up with unmastered material but also leads to less labor … cutoff of Dutch academic secondary schools, where failing implies grade retention. I find no impact of retaining on final … educational attainment, although retained students are later to graduate. Grade retention does lead to annual earnings loss at age …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and …