1960 begann in der DDR eine Debatte über die Messbarkeit des Arbeitswerts. Zur selben Zeit empfahlen in der Sowjetunion Anatoli Kitow und Viktor Gluschkow ein landesweites einheitliches Netzwerk von Computerzentren zur Planung von Arbeitsaufkommen, Produktion und Verteilung. Beide Ansätze...

If Vision 2030 of UN to provide electricity to everyone be achieved, it is essential that over 40% of Botswana's population living without electricity be looked into from different perspectives and new models. In all smart grid models, it is often emphasized that the residents and the consumers...

Against the background of the energy transition accompanied by a rising penetration of renewable energy (REN) sources and a stepwise phase out of conventional power plants in order to fulfill climate protection targets, the requirements for a reliable transmission grid infrastructure increased...

Distributed photo-voltaic (PV) generation is one of the pillars of energy transitions around the world, but its deployment in the distribution grid requires costly reinforcements and expansions. Prosumage - consisting of a household-level PV unit coupled with a battery storage system - has been...

The increasing deployment of decentralised rooftop photovoltaic systems (PV systems) and the expected future diffusion of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can have a major influence on the need to expand low-voltage networks in the near future. The associated grid investments are refinanced via...

Smart Grid pilot projects and their assessment through a cost-benefit analysis are crucial to ensure that Smart Grid and Smart Metering roll-out are economically reasonable and cost-effective. Analysing the Isernia pilot project, the key result of the investigation is that an extra remuneration...