While institutions are said to be poor in China in cross-country comparison, recent research indicates that at the provincial level, institutional quality plays in fact an important role for the economic success of a province, municipality, or autonomous region in China. Our paper aims to add...

The aim of the research is to identify the strength and direction of the development of the relationship between formal and informal institutions and to assess the institutional equilib- rium of modern economies. The structural equations modelling based on partial least squares (SEM-PLS) is...