The article presents an analysis of the amount of defence and security spending that different regions and countries around the world spend from their gross domestic product with accompanying comments on the reasons for their respective level

The combination of height information in two sources from French conscription yields a quasi-exhaustive individual-level panel of men in their 21st year. The tableau de recrutement cantonal applies to men when they are to be selected for military service. The fiches matricules pertain to...

We use a dataset of the entire population of English Parliamentary enclosure acts between 1750 and 1830 to provide the first causal evidence of their impact. Exploiting a feature of the Parliamentary process that produced such legislation as a source of exogenous variation, we show that...

We provide a model of group sorting or polarization based on group identity alone. In our model, agents differ from one another in terms of a binary group identity. Groups may also differ in terms of the distribution of abilities, but the distribution of abilities by group is uncertain and both...

This paper aims to track the persistent effects of Poland’s partitions on fiscal policy outcomes, in the form of property tax rates. By using spatial regression discontinuity design, the paper demonstrates that rates of property taxes levied on residential buildings are roughly 12% larger in...

There were three epochs of growth experience after the mid 19th century for what is now called the OECD 'club'; the late 19th century, the middle years between 1914 and 1950, and the late 20th century. The late 19th and the late 20th century epochs were ones of overall fast growth and...

Does screening applicants using exams help or hurt the chances of lower-SES candidates? Because individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds fare, on average, worse than those from richer backgrounds in standardized tests, a common concern with this "meritocratic" approach is that it might...