Like many newer EU Free Trade Agreements, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) includes commitments concerning labour and social standards and environment and climate policy under the title the 'Level Playing Field'. This title includes non-regression provisions, which prohibit reducing or...

We show that plurilateral agreements facilitate global tariff liberalization by creating an MFN-based margin of cooperation that leaves preferential access via preferential trade agreements (PTAs) unchanged. In a model of endogenous trade agreement formation with farsighted governments, PTAs...

This study is based on real options theory and uses a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2000 to 2016 to investigate the dynamic process and mechanisms by which trade policy uncertainty affects the upgrading of enterprises within the global value chain (GVC). The article finds that trade...

Das EU-Freihandelsabkommen mit den MERCOSUR-Staaten ist beschlossen. Damit hat die Europäische Union einen wichtigen, wenn auch lange erwarteten, Schritt zur Erweiterung des eindrucksvollen Netzwerks von Freihandelsabkommen getan. Das Abkommen wird mutmaßlich Flaggschiff der EU-Handelspolitik...