, including Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Waged Employment, Human Development Index, and out-of-pocket health expenditures …-of-pocket health expenditures significantly influence mortality rates. The model's statistical diagnostics confirm its robustness, and …

. Additionally, the causality relationships between public and private health expenditures and per capita income were also … from total health expenditures and public health expenditures to per capita income in the relevant countries. Besides …, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from private health expenditures to per capita income only in Turkey. On …

Purpose The study aims to determine whether there is a bidirectional causality relationship between health expenditures …. Additionally, the causality relationships between public and private health expenditures and per capita income were also … from total health expenditures and public health expenditures to per capita income in the relevant countries. Besides …