We develop a bi-level model for designing an entrant supply chain (SC) in the presence of a pre-existing competing SC where demand is elastic with respect to price and distance. The model assumes dynamic competition between the new and pre-existing SCs in retailers’ level and probabilistic...

Systems relying on renewable energies demonstrated to be a reliable and sustainable option to electrify isolated communities autonomously. Hybrid systems that combine different energy resources and distribution microgrids are the most efficient design configurations. The design of these systems...