Metaheuristics have been successfully used for solving complex structural optimization problems. Many algorithms are proposed for truss structure size and shape optimization under some constraints. This study considers eight population-based meta-heuristic methods: African Vultures Optimization...

This study proposes a multi-objective Sustainable Supply Chain Network (SSCN) model considering human resources limitations with different levels of expertise. The proposed model includes multiple suppliers, factories, and customers, where the construction of factories is a strategic decision,...

In distribution systems such as airlines and express package delivery, the use of hub-and-spoke networks is common, and flow consolidation at hub facilities is essential for cost reduction. While a constant discount factor is typically used to model cost reduction in interhub links, this paper...

Passengers must use a set of modes and vehicles to reach their destination in complicated urban structures. Choosing an optimal route is a complicated optimization problem for these passengers. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the routing problem in the urban...

In distribution systems such as airlines and express package delivery, the use of hub-and-spoke networks is common, and flow consolidation at hub facilities is essential for cost reduction. While a constant discount factor is typically used to model cost reduction in interhub links, this paper...