Apportionment methods are used to translate a set of positive natural numbers into a set of smaller natural numbers while keeping the proportions between the numbers very similar. The methods are used to allocate seats in a chamber proportionally to the number of votes for a party in an election...

The first step toward developing complete cell circuitry is to build quantitative networks for enzyme reactions. The conventional King–Altman–Hill (KAH) algorithm for topological analysis of enzyme networks, adapted from electrical networks, is based on “Reaction Graphs” that, unlike...