The investigation of species abundance in rivers involves data which are inherently sequential and unlikely to be fully independent. To take these characteristics into account, a Bayesian hierarchical model within the class of hidden Markov models is proposed to map the distribution of...

3D cellular automata can be analyzed by means of finite homogeneous Markov chains. If the automaton is allowed to change only one cell per iteration, and the transition probability depends linearly on the number of ones in the neighborhood, the Markov chain has two attractors at all zeroes and...