The aim of the study is to describe the general upper limit of the age of the universe with the help of different cosmological models of the universe. Here homogeneous and isotropic assumptions of the observed universe are not strictly followed to calculate the present age of the universe....

Friedmann, Robertson-Walker (FRW) models are established on the basis of the assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in all epochs. Even though the universe is clearly inhomogeneous at the local scales of stars and cluster of stars, it is generally argued that an overall...

The Friedmann, Robertson-Walker universe is based on the assumption that the universe is exactly homogeneous and isotropic. This model expresses that there is an all encompassing big bang singularity in the past as the origin from which the universe emerges in a very hot phase and continues its...