This study aims to contribute to the knowledge base on causal mechanisms and necessary conditions for successful structural change in the broad areas of ESF+ intervention. It provides quantitative and qualitative analysis of structural reforms carried out in EU Member States in 2014-2022,...

We provide new evidence on the inflationary effects of Quantitative Easing (QE) using Swedish administrative data at the bank, firm, and product level. For identification, we rely on bank-firm lending relationships and the heterogeneous participation rates of banks in the government bond...