This paper examines the effect of Tobacco 21 laws, which raise the minimum age for tobacco purchases to 21, on prenatal smoking and birth outcomes using restricted access data from the National Vital Statistics System. Using both the synthetic difference-in-differences and stacked event-study...

Industrial Revolution 4.0, with its emphasis on smart manufacturing, has a profound impact on traditional employment. This study aims to examine changes in firms employment decisions in the context of Industry 4.0, shedding light on the conflict between liberalism's market mechanisms and...

The digital transformation of firms significantly contributes to the advancement of a digital China, fostering both economic efficiency and high-quality enterprise development. Using annual report data from Chinese manufacturing companies (2011-2019), this study employs text mining to develop...

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Industry 5.0 (I5.0) represent important changes in industrial paradigms. I4.0 is centered on efficiency and competitiveness, and I5.0 adds sustainability, human-centricity, and resilience to the framework. Despite their growing relevance, much of the existing research...