Economists’ standard notion of intellectual property rights considers a single patent per product, with a clearly …” intellectual property rights: More than one patent may cover a single product, with the scope and enforcement of each uncertain … document the presence of imperfect intellectual property rights and provide the first evidence on the extent to which they …

intellectual property rights. One area in which such standards were deficient, if not non-existent, before the founding of the WTO …

international minimum standards for protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights but also major changes to domestic … international minimum standards are being developed to protect the investment-related aspects of intellectual property rights … built into these newly adopted international agreements enables private investors, such as intellectual property rights …

Intellectual Property Rights (“IPR”) can be regarded as an incentive for an inventor or an author, granted or …

intellectual property rights (IPRs) in order to increase access to vaccines or other COVID-19 related technologies. The proposal …

We study the incentive that a government in the South has to protect the intellectual property rights of Northern firms … technology and the North harmed by such actions. A strong system of intellectual property rights may or may not enhance world …