Traditional Knowledge plays a vital part in sustainable economic development in a indigenous country. The innovations by community members with the help of Traditional Knowledge need to be protected under a legal regulations. This paper explores various laws and economic benefits for protecting...

With the aim of strengthening the economic integration to liberalize trade and investment among members, 12 countries in the Pacific Rim including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam came together under a FTA...

The obligation to work a patent in the patent granting country contributes to a variety of public policy goals such as technology transfer resulting in narrowing the deep North-South gap in development levels. With the advent of the TRIPS Agreement, pre-existing rights of country members to...

The globalisation of IPRs under the TRIPS Agreement and discretion of country members of WTO to specify in their domestic legislation to prevent IPR-related anti-competitive practices raise complex questions. This paper takes up a necessary antecedent question: what flexibilities does TRIPS...

This WTO working paper studies availability and affordability of new and innovative pharmaceuticals in a post-TRIPS era. The WTO's TRIPS Agreement (TRIPS) makes it obligatory for WTO members − except least-developed country members (LDCs) - to provide pharmaceutical product patents with a...

The rapid growth of technology across all sectors of the economy is one significant topic being discussed in the 21st century. Apple recently became the first company to hit a $3 billion market value. Now, in the blooming technology space, artificial intelligence (“AI”) is starting to gain...