Laubach and Williams (2003) employ a Kalman filter approach to jointly estimate the neutral real federal funds rate and trend output growth using an IS relationship and an output gap based inflation equation. They find a positive link between these two variables, but also much error surrounding...

This paper attempts to make a case of “sub-market interest rate” using the IS-LM framework. The argument is that when the market interest rate falls below a certain level, the low cost of borrowing would invite speculative varieties or unproductive investment, which could eventually crowd...

The object of this paper is to demonstrate the possible risks of quantitative easing in the long run. The analysis is conducted in the conventional framework of IS-LM curves in a sequential model, which assumes that the independence of supply and demand curves does not necessarily hold. It is...