Universal Basic Income is founded on the concept that a form of non-taxable income should be provided to all citizens … regardless of their existing income or employment status. The argument for funding such a program lies in the increase of modern … income security, which allows individuals to work more flexibly without having the financial burden of basic needs. Poverty …

to redistribute income than to use the tax and transfer system (the income-tax only result). An assumption behind this … result is that if a legal rule is changed to eliminate its income-redistributive effects, the tax and transfer system can be … adjusted to counteract the effects of those changes on the distribution of income. A number of commentators have questioned …

income protection and active inclusion. The core focus lies on crisis resilience, i.e. the capacity of social policy … prominent role in providing income and job protection in situations of crisis. A mixed-method approach is used that combines …. In general, Nordic and Continental European welfare states with strong upstream systems and minimum income support (MIS …

This paper refines the concept of disposable income by incorporating governmentprovided in-kind benefits for education … including these elements significantly reduces income inequality, as seen in a decrease in the Gini coefficient across all … substantial role, while VAT having a smaller, negative impact. Our study highlights that additionally extending the income concept …

employees and the selfemployed. We show that while on average income protection was similar for employees and the self …. For employees, both monetary compensation schemes and unemployment benefits played a similar role in absorbing the income … stabilised their income. Overall, we find that monetary compensation schemes, together with automatic stabilisers, absorbed a …