We use a notion of causal independence based on intervention, which is a fundamental concept of the theory of causal networks, to define a measure for the strength of a causal effect. We call this measure "information flow" and compare it with known information flow measures such as transfer...

Measures of complexity are of immediate interest for the field of autonomous robots both as a means to classify the behavior and as an objective function for the autonomous development of robot behavior. In the present paper we consider predictive information in sensor space as a measure for the...

Understanding the complexity of human language requires an appropriate analysis of the statistical distribution of words in texts. We consider the information retrieval problem of detecting and ranking the relevant words of a text by means of statistical information referring to the spatial use...

We study how statistical complexity depends on the system size and how the complexity of the whole system relates to the complexity of its subsystems. We study this size dependence for two well-known complexity measures, the excess entropy of Grassberger and the neural complexity introduced by...

We study the temporal evolutions of three stock markets; Standard and Poor's 500 index, Nikkei 225 Stock Average, and the Korea Composite Stock Price Index. We observe that the probability density function of the log-return has a fat tail but the tail index has been increasing continuously in...

We introduce a new mechanism—the forget-remember mechanism into the spreading process. Equipped with such a mechanism an individual is prone to forget the “message" received and remember the one forgotten, namely switching his state between active (with message) and inactive (without...

This study investigates disclosure behavior when a manager has incentives to influence the actions of a product market competitor in a Cournot duopoly. Theoretical research suggests that under various conditions the manager has incentives to withhold some signals and disclose others. Using an...

This study investigates disclosure behavior when a manager has incentives to influence the actions of a product market competitor in a Cournot duopoly. Theoretical research suggests that under various conditions the manager has incentives to withhold some signals and disclose others. Using an...