The notion of asset market efficiency -- that market prices "fully reflect" all available information -- requires the operation of mechanisms that rapidly incorporate new information into asset prices. Particularly problematic -- both theoretically and empirically -- has been the case where new...

Last century, J.R. Galbraith discussed the relationship between the amount of information an organisation processes and its structure. J.D. Thompson discussed a related topic of task interdependence and coordination. Given that the processing and management of information is the basis of...

The unprecedented access offered by the World Wide Web brings with it the potential to gather huge amounts of data on human activities. Here we exploit this by using a toy model of financial markets, the Minority Game (MG), to investigate human speculative trading behaviour and information...

We revisit some aspects of the foundations of the q-non-extensive thermostatistical formalism, which are particularly relevant to its astronomical applications. We analyse some important features of escort mean values and escort distributions, in connection with the dynamical evolution of...

This study introduces the constrained forms of the Shannon information entropy and Kullback–Leibler cross-entropy functions. Applicable to a closed system, these functions incorporate the constraints on the system in a generic fashion, irrespective of the form or even the number of the...

We use the formalism of “maximum principle of Shannon's entropy” to derive the general power law distribution function, using what seems to be a reasonable physical assumption, namely, the demand of a constant mean “internal order” (Boltzmann entropy) of a complex, self-interacting,...

The quantum q-divergence is the nonadditive relative entropy associated with the Tsallis entropy indexed by q. Here, its basic properties including the q-deformation and quantum-group structure, convexity and monotonicity are summarized. Then, it is applied to measuring the degree of state...